Hardness specifications dominate forging tshav kub kho blueprints. Ntau cov duab kos tsis muaj dab tsi dhau HB lossis HRC qhov tseem ceeb, ntxiv rau qhov kev tso cai cuam tshuam. Tab sis tus qauv tsim- tsav kev tswj tau zoo khiav mus tob dua- thaj chaw kho cua sov hauv cheeb tsam, qhov xav tau qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw- cov khoom siv tawv tawv, thiab cov tub ntxhais hardness interplay tag nrho cov duab zaum kawg kev ntseeg tau. Cov hom phiaj kev ua tau zoo txiav txim siab txhua qhov ntsuas.
Hardness: Lub Metric tseem ceeb nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb Caveat
Kev ntsuam xyuas hardness dominates khw hauv pem teb kev pov thawj zoo- nrawm, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, thiab tus nqi- zoo. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm hardness thiab tensile lub zog ua rau nws ib tug tswv yim surrogate rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov cuab yeej cuab tam thaum tag nrho cov tensile xeem tsis yog siv tau. ASTM A909 / A909M qhia meej meej txuas hardness rau yield zog, tensile zog, elongation, thiab ductility yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv microalloyed carbon steel forgings.
Tab sis qhov muag tsis pom kev cia siab rau phau ntawv phau ntawv hardness qhov tseem ceeb tsim kev ua tsis tiav. Kev ntsuam xyuas hom tsis ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsav cov hom phiaj hardness.
A 10-tonne tuag forging rauj qws tsim los ntawm 40CrNi lossis 35CrMo qhia qhov no. Thawj cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tau sau tseg tsis tshua muaj zog (241-270 HBW) raws li qhov kev xav tau cuam tshuam- dominated loading. Qws lub neej tseem luv. Kev tshawb nrhiav tsis pom pom kev qaug zog tawg-tsis cuam tshuam ntau dhau-raws li cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb. Nce hardness mus rau 38-43 HRC ncua kev pab cuam lub neej dramatically. Tsawg hardness yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb dua rau kev cuam tshuam; siab hardness pov thawj tseeb rau qaug zog.
Cov kws tsim qauv uas suav cov kev faib tawm kev ntxhov siab, siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nyab xeeb, hloov cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog los ntawm cov rooj sib tham ntawm cov txheej txheem hardness, thiab hu nws ua tiav - nco qhov kev sib tham tsis ua haujlwm tag nrho. Txias-ua hauj lwm tuag muab cov lus qhia rov qab. High-precision presses xav tau cov cuab yeej hardness siab. Lub tshuab tsis zoo ua ke nrog lub zog muaj zog hnyav, txawm li cas los xij, nyiam me ntsis txo qhov nyuaj los tiv thaiv ntug chipping lossis ua tiav tawg.
Lub zog-Toughness Balance: Kev Sib Txuas Ntxiv
Cov qib steel muaj kev sib koom ua ke kom muaj zog thiab toughness tus cwj pwm. Cov txheej txheem forgings tsim nrog ntau dhau toughness margins txi lub zog, tsav cov khoom loj nrog lub neej qaug zog. Conversely, tooling thiab tuag optimized purely rau hnav tsis kam - siab tshaj hardness, tsawg toughness - tawg ntxov ntxov nyob rau hauv cyclic cuam tshuam.
Qhov sib npaug tsim nyog tshwm sim los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kev pabcuam. Cov khoom siv zog qhov tseem ceeb ntsuas los ntawm cov qauv kuaj cov qauv tsis tshua txhais ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv lub cev muaj zog- qhov cuam tshuam loj, qhov tsis hnov tsw rhiab heev, thiab cov kev ntxhov siab nyob hauv lub xeev hloov pauv tiag tiag - ntiaj teb kev ua tau zoo los ntawm cov npoo ntau heev. System-qib lub zog uas nyob ib sab ntawm cov khoom sib cuam tshuam ntxiv lwm qhov sib txawv.
Hardness differentials optimize lub neej sib dhos. Rolling element bearings nce kev pab cuam lub neej thaum lub pob khiav 2 HRC nyuaj dua li txoj kev sib tw. Automotive tsav pinions outperform thaum nto hardness tshaj lub mating iav los ntawm 2-5 HRC. Cov khoom siv zoo ib yam ntawm qhov sib txawv hardness, sib txawv, feem ntau ua rau tsis zoo hnav tsis kam hauv kev sib cuag.
Core thiab nto kev sib koom ua ke hauv cov khoom siv tawv tawv
Case-hardened qhov chaw-carburized, carbonitrided, induction hardened, nitrided-xav tau cov tub ntxhais lub zog lub hom phiaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhov tob. Cov tub ntxhais muaj zog ntau dhau los txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov chaw compressive residual kev ntxhov siab, txo qis kev qaug zog. Lub zog tseem ceeb tsis txaus txav qhov pib qaug zog mus rau qhov chaw hloov pauv, ua kom nrawm nrawm nrawm.
TS EN ISO 18203 Cov txheej txheem ntsuas qhov tob hauv cov txheej txheem thermal xws li nplaim taws, induction, hluav taws xob nqaj thiab laser hardening, nrog rau kev kho thermochemical xws li carburizing, carbonitriding thiab nitriding. Cov ntaub ntawv txhais cov ntaub ntawv hardening qhov tob raws li txoj kab ntsug ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov ntsuas hardness ncav cuag 550 HV ib ISO 6507-1. Nitriding hardness qhov tob qhia cov ntsiab lus uas hardness tshaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 50 HV.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws hardening piv rau carburized gears poob ntawm 0.1 thiab 0.15 txheeb ze cov ntaub ntawv qhov tob. Ntau qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb uas twb muaj lawm khiav qhov tob tshaj qhov tsim nyog. Txo cov ntaub ntawv qhov tob mus rau qhov kev ua kom zoo tshaj no ib txhij tswj lub neej qaug zog thaum muab kev ntsuas lub zog txuag.
