Cov ntaub ntawv hlau yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam vim lawv cov khoom siv zoo heev. Kev nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv thiab kev siv engineering. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau feem ntau suav nrog lub zog, qhov taw tes tawm los, lub zog tensile, elongation, txo qis hauv cheeb tsam hla ntu, hardness, thiab cuam tshuam toughness.
01
Lub zog
Lub zog yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb uas ntsuas cov khoom muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv deformation thiab tawg nyob rau hauv sab nraud quab yuam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia tau hais tias ib yam khoom ntawm cov qauv kev ncaj ncees thiab load-bearing muaj peev xwm. Lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv hlau feem ntau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws lub zog tensile, yield zog, thiab compressive zog.
02
Yield Point
Lub zog tensile sawv cev rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv tuaj yeem tiv taus ua ntej nws puas tawg. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb parameter siv los ntsuam xyuas cov khoom lub zog thiab kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov nro. Lub zog tensile yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ntsuas tensile, qhov twg tus qauv raug rub mus txog thaum nws tawg.
03
Tensile zog
Lub zog tensile sawv cev rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv tuaj yeem tiv taus ua ntej nws puas tawg. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb parameter siv los ntsuam xyuas cov khoom lub zog thiab kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov nro. Lub zog tensile yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ntsuas tensile, qhov twg tus qauv raug rub mus txog thaum nws tawg.
04
Ductility thiab txo qis hauv cheeb tsam
Ductility thiab txo qis hauv cheeb tsam yog qhov tseem ceeb uas ntsuas cov khoom muaj peev xwm ua rau cov yas deformation yam tsis muaj qhov tawg. Ductility yog ntsuas los ntawm qhov elongation lossis feem pua nce hauv qhov ntev ua ntej tawg thaum kuaj tensile. Kev txo qis hauv cheeb tsam, ntawm qhov tod tes, ntsuas qhov kev hloov pauv hauv cheeb tsam hla ntu ntawm ib qho qauv tom qab tawg.
05
Hardness
Hardness yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov khoom tsis kam mus rau indentation, khawb, lossis nkag los ntawm ib qho khoom tawv. Nws qhia txog cov khoom muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov chaw deformation thiab hnav. Cov kev sim hardness feem ntau suav nrog Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, thiab Vickers hardness.
06
Impact Toughness
Impact toughness qhia txog cov khoom muaj peev xwm nqus tau lub zog thaum muaj kev thauj mus los lossis kev cuam tshuam. Nws ntsuas cov khoom tiv thaiv kom tawg nyob rau hauv siab strain tus nqi. Kev cuam tshuam lub zog yog feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam, xws li Charpy lossis Izod kev ntsuam xyuas, los ntsuas lub zog nqus thaum lub pob tawg.
