Kev lag luam ntawm ntsuab hydrogen ntsib qhov zoo -paub hurdle: cov nqi tsim khoom. Niaj hnub no, ua ib kilogram ntawm hydrogen los ntawm renewables teem koj rov qab $3.5 mus rau $6.5, piv nrog $2.0 rau $3.5 rau natural- gas route with carbon capture. Qhov sib txawv los ntawm qhov koj them ua ntej rau pawg electrolyzer. Hauv PEM tsim, cov phaj bipolar thiab diffusion txheej ib leeg suav rau ntau dua 40% ntawm cov nqi pawg, ua rau lawv pom tseeb lub hom phiaj rau kev txo nqi. Lub platinized titanium xav tau siv nyob rau sab anode ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes pab txo qis tag nrho cov nqi hydrogen los ntawm peb txoj kev sib txawv.
Cov hluav taws xob feem ntau noj li ib nrab mus rau peb-quarters ntawm cov peev nyiaj khiav hauj lwm rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm -cov duab feem ntau poob ntawm 47% thiab 78%, nyob ntawm tus nqi hluav taws xob hauv zos thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Los ntawm kev tso platinum mus rau titanium fibers, qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub catalyst-phaj hlws ris poob qis. Nrog rau qhov teeb meem ntawd txo qis, ohmic poob qis, thiab lub xov tooj ntawm tes xav tau qhov hluav taws xob tsawg dua los thawb tib yam tam sim no. Tsawg voltage hla ntawm tes txhais tau tias tsawg dua kilowatt-teev noj ib kilogram ntawm hydrogen tsim.
Kev pabcuam lub neej yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb. Ib puag ncig anode hauv PEM cell yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg siab heev -muaj peev xwm, muaj zog acidity, thiab muaj oxygen ntau. Titanium sawv ntsug rau cov cheeb tsam hnyav no zoo dua li lwm cov hlau feem ntau, uas yog vim li cas titanium qhov chaw ib leeg tuaj yeem sawv cev ib ncig ntawm 70% ntawm cov khoom siv rau ib pawg PEM. Platinum ua ob yam ntawm no- nws nqa tam sim no thiab nws khaws cov titanium hauv qab ntawm oxidizing. Yog tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawd, oxide zaj duab xis yuav maj mam tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw, thawb kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab rub lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Cov txheej nplaum nplaum zoo rau ntawm titanium substrate thiab siv cov cua kub caij tsheb kauj vab thiab rov qhib-tawm kev hloov hauv stride, tsis muaj flaking lossis tev tawm. Ib txheej diffusion uas kav ntev dua cia cov peev nyiaj ua ntej hauv pawg tau rov qab los ntawm cov sijhawm ua haujlwm ntau dua thiab ntau dua hydrogen ntau lawm, txo cov nqi qis ntawm txhua kilogram.
Qhov ceev dua tam sim no feem ntau raug suav hais tias yog lub zog ntawm PEM electrolysis, tab sis lub zog ntawd los nrog cov kev cai nruj dua rau kev thauj khoom loj. Lub cev muaj qhov qhib, fibrous qauv- kwv yees li 70% ntawm nws qhov ntim yog qhov chaw tsis muaj dab tsi- yog li cov kua dej tuaj yeem ncav cuag cov catalyst thiab cov npuas pa oxygen tuaj yeem tawm ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj teeb meem ntau. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov poob siab thiab qhov hluav taws xob hloov pauv uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo tsim cov txheej txheem diffusion. Thaum cov pa tawm ntawm cov electrode sai sai, lub xovtooj ntawm tes tuav ruaj khov ntawm qhov ceev tam sim no, tig tib lub active cheeb tsam mus rau ntau hydrogen ib teev. Qhov kev tso tawm ntxiv los ntawm txhua pawg ua rau txo tus nqi peev uas tshwm sim rau txhua kilogram ntawm hydrogen tsim.
Ntxiv rau peb qhov txiaj ntsig no -kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua, kev siv lub neej ntev dua, thiab muaj peev xwm khiav tau ntawm qhov ceev dua tam sim no- thiab cov platinized titanium xav tias muaj ntau dua li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim. Nws ua qhov sib txawv tiag tiag hauv kev lag luam tag nrho ntawm PEM electrolysis. Nrog rau kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rau cov khoom siv no tau kwv yees tias yuav loj hlob los ntawm kwv yees li $ 23 lab hauv 2025 mus txog kwv yees li $ 125 lab los ntawm 2032, nws ib feem ntawm kev tsav tsheb cov nqi ntawm ntsuab hydrogen tsuas yog ua kom pom tseeb dua.
