Thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab, cua fais fab, hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hnub ci, thiab hluav taws xob nuclear yog txhua tus paub zoo, thiab feem ntau yog cov nyiam ntawm cov lag luam peev. Txawm li cas los xij, hydrogen, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb sib tw sib tw, tseem tsis tau paub thiab tsis muaj kev pom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm hloov pauv. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2021 Shanghai Ntshuam Exhibition tau rhuav tshem cov qauv no. Nyiv lub Toyota showcased lub thib ob tiam Mirai hydrogen roj cell neeg nrog caij tsheb thawj zaug nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. Nws boasts qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 850 kilometers, tshaj li feem ntau ntawm lithium-powered tshiab lub zog tsheb nyob rau hauv ib zaug xwb stroke.
Niaj hnub no, lub npe hu ua "hydrogen-powered tshebTxawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li lithium-ion roj teeb, cov roj ntsha hydrogen yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb uas tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm hydrogen thiab oxygen. cov tsheb uas emissions xws li carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, thiab sulfur oxides. Yog li ntawd, hydrogen yog suav hais tias yog ib lub zog muaj peev xwm ua tau "zero emissions."
Hauv hydrogen roj hlwb, titanium plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.Titanium-ua bipolar daim hlau nyob rau hauv hydrogen roj hlwb muaj nyias thickness, zoo heev conductivity, zoo thermal zog, siab mechanical zog, thiab npaum roj cais. Cov yam ntxwv no pab txhim kho lub zog ceev ntawm lub cell. Nyiv lub Toyota MIRAI roj cell tsheb siv titanium ua bipolar daim hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj diffusion txheej (GDL lossis PTL), suav nrog 17% ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob electrolyzer, siv cov qib high-performance industrial-qib titanium raws li cov khoom siv hauv qab anode, ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm hydrogen roj hlwb cuam tshuam nrog hydrogen dhau los ntawm cov catalyst (platinum) ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm qhov zoo electrode, uas nws decomposes rau hauv electrons thiab hydrogen ions. Cov hydrogen ions tom qab ntawd txav mus los ntawm kev sib pauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg mus txog qhov tsis zoo electrode, qhov chaw uas lawv hnov mob nrog oxygen los ua dej thiab cua sov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov electrons ntws los ntawm qhov zoo electrode los ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob sab nraud mus rau qhov tsis zoo electrode, tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, hydrogen thiab oxygen ua ke hauv cov roj cell, tsim hluav taws xob thiab dej. Cov hluav taws xob ua rau lub tsheb, thaum dej tsuas yog cov khoom raug tshem tawm ntawm lub tsheb.
Los ntawm txoj cai kev ua haujlwm no, qhov zoo tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob hydrogen yog peb npaug:
Ua ntej, kev huv: Tsuas yog cov khoom lag luam yog dej, zam cov pa roj carbon dioxide emissions.
Thib ob, kev nyab xeeb:Cov txheej txheem electrochemical tsav tsheb hydrogen roj hlwb txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib tsoo los yog tawg, tsis zoo li cov tshuab hluav taws xob combustion.
Thirdly, yooj yim: Hydrogen roj tuaj yeem compressed, yooj yim rau nws kev thauj mus los thiab cia.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov roj hluav taws xob hauv cov tsheb uas siv hydrogen txawv ntawm cov roj teeb tshuaj lom neeg. Cov roj cell ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam electrochemical ntawm hydrogen thiab oxygen yam tsis muaj combustion, ua dej ua ib qho khoom siv thiab tso hluav taws xob.
Lub zog hluav taws xob hauv cov tsheb hluav taws xob hydrogen yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv hydrogen thiab atmospheric oxygen nyob rau hauv cov roj cell pawg, tsis zoo li cov tsheb hluav taws xob uas khaws lub zog los ntawm ib daim phiaj sab nraud ua ntej siv nws. Yog li ntawd, txawm lub npe "roj cell" nyob rau hauv hydrogen tsheb, lawv lub zog tso cov txheej txheem yog ntau akin rau sab hauv combustion xyaw (reacting roj av nrog rau sab nraud oxygen) dua li lub zog cia txheej txheem nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob tsheb.
Zoo ib yam li cov tsheb sib txuas hauv lub cav, cov khoom siv kim tshaj plaws hauv lub tsheb hydrogen roj yog lub zog tsim cov cuab yeej es tsis yog lub zog cia khoom (piv txwv li, hauv tsheb fais fab, cov khoom siv kim tshaj plaws yog lub roj teeb, thiab hauv lub roj teeb, nws yog. anode, cathode, thiab electrolyte). Tshwj xeeb, nws yog cov roj cell pawg ntau dua li lub tank cia hydrogen.
Vim yog tus nqi siab ntawm hydrogen roj cell systems, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov roj cell pawg, cov theem tam sim no pom hydrogen tsheb tsim cov nqi siab dua li cov tsheb hluav taws xob ntshiab thiab cov tsheb sib xyaw ua ke. Tus nqi no tseem yog ib qho kev txwv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho hydrogen roj cell tsheb kev lag luam.
